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In Java, strings are sequences of characters used to represent text. Strings are one of the most commonly used data types in Java, and the java.lang.String
class provides many built-in methods to manipulate and work with strings. Strings in Java are immutable, which means that once a string is created, its value cannot be changed. Instead, string manipulation typically involves creating new strings.
Here are some key points about strings in Java:
Declaring Strings: To declare a string variable in Java, you can use the following syntax:
javaCopy codeString str;
You can also initialize a string variable with a string literal:
javaCopy codeString message = "Hello, World!";
Concatenation:
You can concatenate strings using the +
operator:
javaCopy codeString firstName = "John";
String lastName = "Doe";
String fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
Length of a String:
The length()
method is used to get the number of characters in a string:
javaCopy codeString text = "Java is awesome!";
int length = text.length(); // length is 16
Accessing Characters:
You can access individual characters in a string using the charAt()
method:
javaCopy codeString str = "Hello";
char firstChar = str.charAt(0); // firstChar is 'H'
Substrings:
You can extract substrings from a string using the substring()
method:
javaCopy codeString text = "Hello, World!";
String substring = text.substring(7); // substring is "World!"
Comparison:
To compare strings for equality, use the equals()
method:
javaCopy codeString str1 = "hello";
String str2 = "Hello";
boolean isEqual = str1.equals(str2); // isEqual is false
To perform a case-insensitive comparison, use equalsIgnoreCase()
.
String Manipulation:
The String
class provides various methods for string manipulation, such as toUpperCase()
, toLowerCase()
, trim()
, replace()
, split()
, etc.
String Formatting:
You can format strings using the String.format()
method or by using the +
operator with placeholders.
StringBuilder and StringBuffer:
For efficient string concatenation and manipulation, especially in loops, consider using StringBuilder
(for single-threaded applications) or StringBuffer
(for multi-threaded applications) to avoid unnecessary string object creation.
Strings are a fundamental part of Java programming, and their manipulation is crucial in many applications. Always remember that since strings are immutable, any manipulation creates a new string, so it's important to use StringBuilder
or StringBuffer
when performance is a concern.
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