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Multithreading is a fundamental concept in computer programming that allows a single process to execute multiple threads of execution concurrently. A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process, and multithreading enables a program to perform multiple tasks simultaneously, thereby maximizing CPU utilization and improving the overall performance of the application.
In Java, multithreading is an integral part of the language and is supported through the java.lang.Thread
class and the java.lang.Runnable
interface. Java provides a high-level abstraction for creating and managing threads, making it easier for developers to work with multithreaded applications.
Key concepts and terminology related to multithreading in Java include:
Thread:
Process vs. Thread:
Creating Threads:
Thread
class and overriding the run
method, or by implementing the Runnable
interface and providing the run
method's implementation.Runnable
interface is often preferred because it allows better flexibility in class design and supports multiple inheritance.Thread States:
Thread
class provides methods to transition between these states and to control the execution of threads.Thread Synchronization:
Thread Priorities:
MIN_PRIORITY
to MAX_PRIORITY
, with NORM_PRIORITY
being the default.Thread Pooling:
Multithreading is used in various applications to improve responsiveness, scalability, and resource utilization. It is particularly beneficial for tasks that involve I/O operations, long-running computations, or parallel processing of data. However, multithreading also introduces challenges, such as thread safety and deadlocks, which must be carefully managed to ensure correct behavior and avoid potential issues.
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