Prime Factorization

Lecture 43:- Prime Factorization

Prime factorization is the process of finding the prime numbers that multiply together to give a given number. A prime number is a number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. Prime factorization is essential in number theory and plays a crucial role in various mathematical calculations.

To find the prime factorization of a given number, you can use a simple algorithm that repeatedly divides the number by its smallest prime factor until the number becomes 1. Here's a Java program to find the prime factorization of a given number:

javaCopy code
import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimeFactorization {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        System.out.print("Enter a positive integer: ");
        int number = scanner.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Prime factorization of " + number + ": ");
        primeFactorization(number);

        scanner.close();
    }

    // Function to find and print the prime factorization
    public static void primeFactorization(int number) {
        for (int i = 2; i <= number; i++) {
            while (number % i == 0) {
                System.out.print(i + " ");
                number /= i;
            }
        }
    }
}

Example output:

mathematicaCopy code
Enter a positive integer: 84
Prime factorization of 84: 2 2 3 7 

In the program above, we take the user input for the number and store it in the variable number. We then call the primeFactorization function to find and print the prime factorization of the number. The primeFactorization function iterates from 2 up to number. For each i, if i is a factor of number, we divide number by i and continue the process until number becomes 1. The numbers i that are printed are the prime factors of the given number.

The program then prints the prime factorization of the number to the console.

Prime factorization is used in various mathematical operations, including finding the greatest common divisor (GCD) and least common multiple (LCM) of multiple numbers, solving equations, and other number-theoretic calculations.

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