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In Java, multithreading is a powerful feature that allows you to create and manage multiple threads of execution within a single Java application. The Java platform provides built-in support for multithreading through the java.lang.Thread
class and the java.lang.Runnable
interface.
Here's an overview of how multithreading works in Java:
Creating Threads:
Thread
class and overriding its run()
method with the code you want the thread to execute.Runnable
interface and provide the run()
method's implementation. This approach is often preferred because it allows better class design flexibility and supports multiple inheritance.Starting Threads:
start()
method on the Thread
object. The start()
method internally calls the run()
method, and the thread starts executing its code concurrently with other threads.Thread States:
Thread
class provides methods to transition between these states and control the execution of threads.Thread Synchronization:
synchronized
blocks and locks, are used to prevent race conditions and ensure data consistency.Thread Priorities:
setPriority()
method, which influences their execution order.Thread.MIN_PRIORITY
to Thread.MAX_PRIORITY
, with Thread.NORM_PRIORITY
being the default.Thread Joining:
join()
method allows one thread to wait for the completion of another thread's execution. This is useful when you want to ensure certain threads finish their tasks before proceeding with the main thread.Thread Pooling:
Thread Safety:
Multithreading is beneficial for tasks that involve concurrent processing, such as handling multiple client connections, parallel processing, and handling time-consuming operations without blocking the entire program's execution.
However, multithreading introduces challenges, such as potential data synchronization issues and the need for careful design to avoid race conditions and deadlocks. Therefore, proper understanding of multithreading concepts and good programming practices are essential to create efficient and reliable multithreaded applications in Java.
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