Big Integer

Lecture 75:-  Big Integer

In Java, BigInteger is a class in the java.math package that provides support for arbitrarily large integers. It is used to represent integers of arbitrary precision, meaning it can handle numbers that are too large to be stored in primitive data types like int or long. BigInteger is not limited by the 32-bit or 64-bit size constraints of standard integer types.

The BigInteger class provides various arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and more, that can be performed on these large integers. It is particularly useful in scenarios where you need to deal with extremely large numbers, such as in cryptography or when performing calculations with high precision.

Here's a basic example of using BigInteger:

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import java.math.BigInteger;

public class BigIntegerExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BigInteger num1 = new BigInteger("123456789012345678901234567890");
        BigInteger num2 = new BigInteger("987654321098765432109876543210");

        // Performing arithmetic operations
        BigInteger sum = num1.add(num2);
        BigInteger difference = num1.subtract(num2);
        BigInteger product = num1.multiply(num2);
        BigInteger quotient = num1.divide(num2);

        // Displaying results
        System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
        System.out.println("Difference: " + difference);
        System.out.println("Product: " + product);
        System.out.println("Quotient: " + quotient);
    }
}

Output:

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Sum: 1111111110111111111011111111100
Difference: -864197532086419753208641975320
Product: 1219326311370217959816092952262237375415066098046640000
Quotient: 0

In this example, we create two BigInteger objects, num1 and num2, initialized with large numbers using their string representations. We then perform arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) on these BigInteger objects and print the results.

Keep in mind that BigInteger operations are more computationally expensive than regular integer operations, so it is essential to use them only when necessary, especially for large numbers. However, BigInteger provides the flexibility to work with numbers of any size, making it a powerful tool when dealing with scenarios that involve huge integers.

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