Input and Output In C Language

In C, input and output (I/O) operations are performed using a set of standard library functions. The most commonly used functions for input and output in C are:

1. printf(): The printf() function is used to output text to the console. It takes a format string and a set of arguments and prints the formatted output to the console. For example:

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printf("Hello, World!");

1. scanf(): The scanf() function is used to read input from the console. It takes a format string and a set of pointers to variables, and reads the formatted input from the console and assigns it to the variables. For example:

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int x; printf("Enter a number: "); scanf("%d", &x);

1. puts(): The puts() function is used to output a string of text to the console. It takes a string as an argument and prints it to the console followed by a newline character. For example:

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puts("Hello, World!");

1. gets(): The gets() function is used to read a line of text from the console. It takes a pointer to a character array as an argument and reads a line of text from the console and stores it in the array. For example:

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char str[100]; printf("Enter a string: "); gets(str);

It's important to note that the gets() function is considered to be unsafe because it does not check for buffer overflow, which can lead to a security vulnerability in a program. Therefore, it's recommended to use fgets() function instead of gets().

It's also important to keep in mind that these functions are part of the C standard library, which means that they are available in any C implementation and can be used on any platform. Additionally, there are other libraries such as stdio.h and conio.h that provide more advanced I/O capabilities and are platform-specific.